In recent years, there’s been a noticeable increase in interest in vaginoplasty and labiaplasty, not just in the UK and the U.S., but globally. These procedures have become some of the fastest-growing cosmetic surgeries, driven by both physical comfort and aesthetic preferences. While these surgeries are becoming more mainstream, it’s important to dive into the facts, trends, and key considerations before deciding on surgery.
What Exactly is Vaginoplasty and Labiaplasty?
Vaginoplasty focuses on tightening the vaginal canal, often sought by women and people with vulvas post-childbirth or as they age. While some people choose surgery to improve muscle tone, exercises like Kegels are most often enough (and a less invasive way) to help strengthen these muscles without going under the knife. On the other hand, labiaplasty reshapes the labia (typically the labia minora) for aesthetic or comfort reasons. Many women and people with vulvas choose this surgery to alleviate discomfort, while others seek it to feel more confident in their bodies. For more details, check out the NHS guide to labiaplasty or the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.
The Stats on Vaginoplasty and Labiaplasty
The growing trend in these procedures is evident globally. Here’s a snapshot of the latest statistics:
- Globally, labiaplasty has surged by about 45% in recent years, becoming one of the fastest-growing cosmetic surgeries.
- In the U.S., between 2012 and 2017, labiaplasty operations (within five years) increased by 217.3% in the USA.
- In the UK, According to a national audit by the British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons, 31,057 cosmetic procedures took place in 2022, up 102% from the previous year. More than 200 girls under 18 had labiaplasty on the NHS in 2015-16 – more than 150 of whom were under 15. This is a 500% increase on ten years ago.
Yougov Australia 2024 Study Findings
- Nearly a quarter (23%) of young adults aged 18 to 24 feel uneasy or self-conscious about the appearance of their labia. Additionally, 35% of respondents associate their labia with negative words like "weird" or "ugly."
- Interestingly, about 10% of participants (over half a million Australians) have considered labiaplasty, a procedure that alters the labia, despite its potential risks and lack of evidence supporting improvements in body image, sexual satisfaction, or self-esteem. Nearly half of those who considered the surgery mentioned that mainstream media, including pornography and social media, influenced their decision.
- The survey also highlighted that 1 in 8 people have postponed visiting a GP about sexual and reproductive health due to embarrassment over their labia, and 13% have felt self-conscious about their appearance to the point of avoiding sex.
Breaking Down Myths About Vaginal and Labial Anatomy
There are a lot of misconceptions about vaginal and vulval anatomy.
Cultural messaging often emphasises the "tightness" of a vagina as key to sexual pleasure, promoting creams, exercises, and surgeries aimed at achieving the "ideal" vagina. However, these claims are largely based on myths and lack scientific support. The vagina's size and shape can change due to various factors, like age or childbirth, but the tissue is elastic and typically returns to its original size. Factors like arousal and lubrication are more significant for sexual pleasure than size, while pelvic floor muscles play a key role in the feeling of tightness or looseness. A healthy pelvic floor is important for sexual health and comfort.
Another myth is that vaginal muscles can become looser over time after lots of sex. This ignores the natural elasticity of the vagina, which can stretch and return to its normal state after intercourse very easily. This myth is drenched in patriarchal values, where women and people with vulvas are criticised for enjoying sex while men are often praised for having lots of sex. Ultimately, this idea is medically inaccurate and reinforces damaging gender norms about bodies and sexuality.
Additionally, there’s no single “correct” look for the labia. Labia come in all shapes, sizes, and colours—and that’s completely normal (and amazing!). Society’s portrayal of the “ideal” labia, often influenced by adult content and social media, can make people feel pressured to alter their bodies. But remember: natural diversity is beautiful! You can learn more about labial diversity here.
Why Are More People Getting These Procedures?
Social media, especially platforms like TikTok, plays a huge role in shaping perceptions of beauty. Influencers and surgeons often share their experiences with labiaplasty and vaginoplasty, making these procedures more visible. However, these platforms can also create unrealistic beauty standards, and portray a need for these heavily invasive surgeries, leading some people to feel pressured to pursue to meet those standards. At the same time, there's societal pressure—especially for women and people with vulvas —to conform to certain body ideals. These pressures, rooted in both media, porn and cultural expectations, can influence decisions around cosmetic surgery. If you're interested in this topic, check out this discussion from the ASPS.
Medical Vs Cosmetic Reasons for Surgery
While many people choose labiaplasty or vaginoplasty for cosmetic reasons, some may experience physical discomfort, such as chafing or irritation and birth trauma that could justify the surgery. If you’re considering surgery for medical reasons, it’s always wise to consult with a healthcare provider about non-surgical options first. For a deeper dive into labiaplasty, check out this NHS overview.
Potential Risks of Labiaplasty & Vaginoplasty
- Infection: Both procedures carry a risk of infection at incision sites, which can lead to complications like prolonged healing or further surgery. Proper post-surgical care is essential (NHS).
- Scarring and Sensitivity Issues: Scarring may occur at the surgical site, potentially impacting appearance, sensation, and functionality. Changes in skin sensitivity, especially in the labial area, can affect sexual sensation (American Society of Plastic Surgeons).
- Pain, Swelling, and Discomfort: Many experience post-surgical pain, swelling, or chronic discomfort, which may last for weeks or longer in some cases (PubMed).
- Loss of Sensation: Both surgeries carry a risk of altered sensation, either increased or decreased, due to potential nerve damage, which may impact sexual pleasure or lead to discomfort (Oxford Academic).
- Sexual Function Difficulties: Changes in sensation or nerve impact may diminish sexual pleasure or create challenges in achieving orgasm (NHS).
- Blood Clots (DVT): As with any major surgery, there is a risk of developing blood clots, which can be serious if they migrate to the lungs or heart (Mayo Clinic).
- Changes in Appearance: The aesthetic outcome may not meet expectations, with risks of asymmetry or uneven results. However, about 90% of labiaplasty patients report satisfaction with results (NHS).
- Emotional and Psychological Effects: Dissatisfaction with results or unresolved body image concerns may lead to psychological distress or regret (Oxford Academic).
Considering Therapy Over Surgery
For those considering surgery due to aesthetic concerns, counselling or therapy can be valuable for exploring body image issues in a supportive setting. This approach can often reduce feelings of inadequacy without the risks of surgery. These surgeries are becoming more popular, but it’s essential to think carefully about why you want them, what risks are involved, and whether alternatives might be right for you. Take the time to explore all options, consult professionals, and embrace the natural beauty of your body. Your journey should be one that makes you feel empowered and confident, no matter what you decide!
Celebrating the Beauty of Body Diversity
One of the most important things to remember is that every vulva is unique—and that’s something to celebrate! There’s no one-size-fits-all when it comes to labial appearance, and medical professionals encourage embracing the natural diversity of genital anatomy. For anyone feeling uncertain or self-conscious, talking to a healthcare provider or exploring body-positive resources can help ease the pressure. Take a look at the wonderful casts by Lydia Reeves to see just how much vulvas vary.
